history of typing
1746: Telenautik starts to exist on an eight-bit counter basis
1770: eraser
1799: G. Wilbert invents modem compression
1812: Telenautik broadcast from the Hilltop Lodge, Lissboa
1814: N.Kelmore dies while experimenting with network feedback loops
1904: Invention of the noisebased telemorph
1935: Telenautik in exile: Bombay and Chicago become centers of IFT
1986: first webcam
1897:Express train!
1837: Morse exhibits an electric telegraph in the U.S.
1755: Regular mail ship runs between England and the colonies.
1770: The eraser.
1774: Swedish chemist invents a future paper whitener.
1775: Continental Congress authorizes Post Office; Ben Franklin first Postmaster General.
1780: Steel pen points begin to replace quill feathers.
1784: French book is made without rags, from vegetation.
1785: Stagecoaches carry the mail between towns in U.S.
1790: In England the hydraulic press is invented.
1792: Mechanical semaphore signaler built in France.
1792: In Britain, postal money orders.
1792: Postal Act gives mail regularity throughout U.S.
1794: First letter carriers appear on American city streets.
1794: Panorama, forerunner of movie theaters, opens.
1794: Signaling system connects Paris and Lille.
1798: Senefelder in Germany invents lithography.
1799: Robert in France invents a paper-making machine.
1800: Paper can be made from vegetable fibers instead of rags.
1800: Letter takes 20 days to reach Savannah from Portland, Maine.
1801: Semaphore system built along the coast of France.
1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents a loom using punch cards.
1803: Fourdrinier continuous web paper-making machine.
1804: In Germany, lithography is invented.
1805: Telenautik used lithography for the first time
1806: Carbon paper.
1807: Camera lucida improves image tracing.
1808: Turri of Italy builds a typewriter for a blind contessa.
1810: An electro-chemical telegraph is constructed in Germany.
1810: Postal services consolidated under uniform private contracts.
1813: Congress authorizes steam boats to carry mail.
1814: In England, a steam-powered rotary press prints The Times.
1815: 3,000 post offices in U.S.
1816: Newspapers carried for less than 2 cents postage.
1816: Niépce captures image with 8-hour exposure.
1818: Stamped letter paper is sold in Sardinia.
1818: In Sweden, Berzelius isolates selenium; its electric conductivity reacts to light.
1819: Napier builds a rotary printing press.
1820: Arithmometer, forerunner of the calculator.
1821: In England, Wheatstone reproduces sound.
1823: Babbage builds a section of a calculating machine.
1823: In England, Ronalds builds a telegraph in his garden; no one is interested.
1825: Persistence of vision shown with Thaumatrope.
1827: Niépce makes a true photograph.
1827: In London, Wheatstone constructs a microphone.
1829: Daguerre joins Niépce to pursue photographic inventions.
1829: Burt gets the first U.S. patent for a typewriter.
1830: Calendered paper is produced in England.
1832: Phenakistoscope in Belgium and Stroboscope in Austria point to motion pictures.
1833: A penny buys a New York newspaper, opening a mass market.
1833: In Germany, a telegraph running nearly two miles.
1834: Babbage conceives the analytical engine, forerunner of the computer.
1835: Bennett publishes the first of his penny press editions.
1836: Rowland Hill starts to reform British postal system.
1837: Wheatstone and Cooke patent an electric telegraph in England.
1837: Morse exhibits an electric telegraph in the U.S.
1837: Pitman publishes a book on shorthand in England.
1837: Daguerre cuts photo exposure time to 20 minutes.
1838: In England, Wheatstone's Stereoscope shows pictures in 3-D.
1838: Morse exhibits an electric telegraph in the U.S.
1838: Daguerre-Niépce method begins photography craze.
1839: Fox Talbot in England produces photographs.
1839: Herschel invents hypo fixative.
1839: In Russia, Jacobi invents electrotyping, the duplicating of printing plates.
1839: Electricity runs a printing press.
1839: Fox Talbot in England prints photographs from negatives.
1840: In Britain, first postage stamps are sold.
1841: Petzval of Austria builds an f/3.6 lens.
1841: The advertising agency is born.
1841: The first type-composing machine goes into use in London.
1842: Illustrated London News appears.
1842: Another use for paper: the Christmas card.
1843: In the U.S., the photographic enlarger.
1843: Ada, Lady Lovelace publishes her Notes explaining a computer.
1844: Morse's telegraph connects Washington and Baltimore.
1845: Postal reform bill lowers rates and regulates domestic and international service.
1845: English Channel cable.
1845: The typewriter ribbon.
1846: In Germany, Zeiss begins manufacturing lenses.
1846: Double cylinder rotary press produces 8,000 sheets an hour.
1847: A Philadelphia newspaper rolls off a rotary printing press.
1847: First use of telegraph as business tool.
1847: In England, Bakewell constructs a "copying telegraph."
1848: Forerunner of the Associated Press is founded in New York.
1849: The photographic slide.
1850: The paper bag arrives.
1851: In the U.S., paper is made from wood fiber.
1851: The Erie railroad depends on the telegraph.
1851: Cable is laid across the English Channel.
1851: Archer invents wet-plate photography process.
1851: In England, Talbot takes a flash photograph at 1/100,000 second exposure.
1851: Newspaper postage cut in half; free distribution within county.
1852: Postage stamps are widely used.
1853: Envelopes made by paper folding machine.
1854: Telegraph used in Crimean War.
1854: Wood pulp is added by paper makers.
1854: Bourseul in France builds an experimental telephone.
1854: Carte-de-visite process simplifies photography.
1854: Curved stereotype plate obviates column rules; wide ads soon.
1855: Printing telegraph invented in the U.S.
1855: Prepayment of letters made compulsory.
1855: Registered letters enter service.
1856: Poitevan starts photolithography.
1856: Blotting paper replaces sand boxes.
1856: Machine folds newspapers, paper for books.
1857: A machine to set type is demonstrated.
1857: In France, Scott's phonautograph is a forerunner of Edison's phonograph.
1858: Mail boxes appear on American streets.
1858: First effort at transatlantic telegraph service fails.
1858: Eraser is fitted to the end of a pencil.
1858: An aerial photograph is taken.
1859: Camera gets a wide-angled lens.
1860: In U.S., Sholes builds a functional typewriter.
1860: Pony Express carries mail between St. Joseph, Mo. and Sacramento.
1861: Telegraph brings Pony Express to an abrupt end.
1861: First chemical means to color photography.
1861: Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope.
1862: In Italy, Caselli sends a drawing over a wire.
1862: in U.S., paper money.
1863: Large U.S. cities get free home delivery of mail.
1863: First international postal conference held in Paris.
1864: Workers in "railway post office" sort mail on trains.
1864: Postal money orders sold in U.S; $1.3 million in 6 months.
1864: The railroad train hooks on a mail car.
1864: In Virginia, wireless electromagnetic waves are transmitted 14 miles.
1865: Atlantic cable ties Europe and U.S. for instant communication.
1866: Western Union dominates U.S. wires.
1866: Telenautik discovers the sonic byte
1867: In U.S., Sholes builds a functional typewriter.
1868: Writing machine is called a "Type-Writer"; so is the typist.
1869: Carbon paper is invented.
1869: Color photography, using the subtractive method.
1869: From Austria, postcards.
1870: Stock ticker comes to Wall Street.
1871: Halftone process allows newspaper printing of pictures.
1872: Simultaneous transmission from both ends of a telegraph wire.
1872: Wood pulp will be the source of paper, thanks to Swedish sulfite process.
1873: U.S. postcard debuts; costs one penny.
1873: Illustrated daily newspaper appears in New York.
1873: Maxwell publishes theory of radio waves.
1873: First color photographs.
1873: Remington starts manufacturing Sholes' typewriters.
1873: Typewriters get the QWERTY pseudo-scientific keyboard.
1873: Telenautik gets the HERTHY price
1873: Lord Kelvin calculates the tides with a machine.
1873: In Ireland, May uses selenium to send a signal through the Atlantic cable.
1874: Universal Postal Union formed.
1875: Edison invents the mimeograph.
1875: In the U.S., Carey designs a selenium mosaic to transmit a picture.
1876: Bell invents the telephone.
1877: In France, Charles Cros invents the phonograph.
1877: In America, Edison also invents the phonograph.
1878: Muybridge photographs a horse in motion.
1878: Cathode ray tube is invented by Crookes, English chemist.
1878: The dynamic microphone is invented in the U.S. and Germany.
1878: Telephone directories are issued.
1878: Full page newspaper ads.
1878: In France, praxinoscope, an optical toy, a step toward movies.
1878: Hughes invents the microphone.
1878: Dry-plate photography.
1879: Benday process aids newspaper production of maps, drawings.
1880: First photos in newspapers, using halftones.
1880: Edison invents the electric light.
1880: France's Leblanc theorizes transmitting a picture in segments.
1880: First parcel post.
1880: Business offices begin to look modern.
1882: In England, the first Wirephotos.
1883: Edison stumbles onto "Edison effect"; basis of broadcast tubes.
1884: In Germany, Nipkow scanning disc, early version of television.
1884: People can now make long distance phone calls.
1884: Electric tabulator is introduced.
1884: Waterman's fountain pen blots out earlier versions.
1885: Dictating machines are bought for offices.
1885: Eastman makes coated photo printing paper.
1885: U.S. Post Office offers special delivery.
1885: Trains are delivering newspapers daily.
1889: Telenautik delivering hex code monthly
1886: Graphophone's wax cylinder and sapphire stylus improve sound.
1886: Mergenthaler constructs a linotype machine for setting type.
1887: Celluloid film; it will replace glass plate photography.
1887: Montgomery Ward mails out a 540-page catalog.
1887: Berliner gets music from a flat disc stamped out by machine.
1887: Comptometer multi-function adding machine is manufactured.
1888: "Kodak" box camera makes picture taking simple.
1888: Heinrich Hertz proves the existence of radio waves.
1888: The coin-operated public telephone.
1888: Edison's phonograph is manufactured for sale to the public.
1889: Herman Hollerith counts the population with punch cards.
1889: Strowger, Kansas City undertaker, invents automatic telephone exchange.
1890: A.B. Dick markets the mimeograph.
1890: Typewriters are in common use in offices.
1890: In England, Friese-Greene builds the kinematograph camera and projector.
1890: In France, Branly's coherer conducts radio waves.
1891: Large press prints and folds 90,000 4-page papers an hour.
1891: Telephoto lens is attached to the camera.
1891: Edison's assistant, Dickson, builds the Kinetograph motion picture camera.
1892: Edison and Dickson invent the peep-show Kinetoscope.
1892: 4-color rotary press.
1892: Portable typewriters.
1892: Automatic telephone switchboard comes into service.
1893: Dickson builds a motion picture studio in New Jersey.
1893: Addressograph joins the office machinery.
1894: Marconi invents wireless telegraphy.
1894: Box making machines give impetus to packaging industry.
1894: Berliner's flat phonograph disc competes with the cylinder.
1895: France's Lumiere brothers build a portable movie camera.
1895: Paris audience sees movies projected.
1895: In England, Friese-Greene invents phototypesetting.
1895: Dial telephones go into Milwaukee's city hall.
1896: Underwood model permits typists to see what they are typing.
1896: The monotype sets type by machine in single characters.
1896: Electric power is used to run a paper mill.
1896: In Britain, the motion picture projector is manufactured.
1896: X-ray photography.
1896: Rural free delivery (RFD) inaugurated.
1897: In England, postmen deliver mail to every home.
1897: In Germany, Braun improves Crookes' tube with fluorescence.
1897: General Electric creates a publicity department.
1898: Photographs taken by artificial light.
1898: New York State passes a law against misleading advertising.
1899: The loudspeaker.
1899: Sound is recorded magnetically by Poulsen of Denmark.
1899: American Marconi Company incorporated; forerunner of RCA.
1900: Kodak Brownie makes photography cheaper and simpler.
1900: Pupin's loading coil reduces telephone voice distortion.
1901: Sale of phonograph disc made of hard resinous shellac.
1901: First electric typewriter, the Blickensderfer.
1901: Marconi sends a radio signal across the Atlantic.
1902: Germany's Zeiss invents the four-element Tessar camera lens.
1902: Etched zinc engravings start to replace hand-cut wood blocks.
1902: U.S. Navy installs radio telephones aboard ships.
1902: Photoelectric scanning can send and receive a picture.
1902: Trans-Pacific telephone cable connects Canada and Australia.
1903: Technical improvements in radio, telegraph, phonograph, movies and printing.
1903: London Daily Mirror illustrates only with photographs.
1904: A telephone answering machine is invented.
1904: Fleming invents the diode to improve radio communication.
1904: Offset lithography becomes a commercial reality.
1904: A photograph is transmitted by wire in Germany.
1904: Hine photographs America's underclass.
1904: The Great Train Robbery creates demand for fiction movies.
1904: The comic book.
1904: The double-sided phonograph disc.
1905: In Pittsburgh the first nickelodeon opens.
1905: Photography, printing, and post combine in the year's craze, picture postcards.
1905: In France, Pathe colors black and white films by machine.
1905: In New Zealand, the postage meter is introduced.
1905: The Yellow Pages.
1905: The juke box; 24 choices.
1906: In Britain, new process colors books cheaply.
1906: A program of voice and music is broadcast in the U.S.
1906: Lee de Forest invents the three-element vacuum tube.
1906: Dunwoody and Pickard build a crystal-and-cat's-whisker radio.
1906: An animated cartoon film is produced.
1906: Fessenden plays violin for startled ship wireless operators.
1906: An experimental sound-on-film motion picture.
1906: Strowger invents automatic dial telephone switching.
1907: Bell and Howell develop a film projection system.
1907: Lumiere brothers invent still color photography process.
1907: DeForest begins regular radio music broadcasts.
1907: In Russia, Rosing develops theory of television.
1908: In U.S., Smith introduces true color motion pictures.
1909: Radio distress signal saves 1,700 lives after ships collide.
1909: First broadcast talk; the subject: women's suffrage.
1910: Sweden's Elkstrom invents "flying spot" camera light beam.
1911: Efforts are made to bring sound to motion pictures.
1911: Rotogravure aids magazine production of photos.
1911: "Postal savings system" inaugurated.
1912: U.S. passes law to control radio stations.
1912: Motorized movie cameras replace hand cranks.
1912: Feedback and heterodyne systems usher in modern radio.
1912: First mail carried by airplane.
1913: The portable phonograph is manufactured.
1913: Type composing machines roll out of the factory.
1914: A better triode vacuum tube improves radio reception.
1914: Radio message is sent to an airplane.
1914: In Germany, the 35mm still camera, a Leica.
1914: In the U.S., Goddard begins rocket experiments.
1914: First transcontinental telephone call.
1915: Wireless radio service connects U.S. and Japan.
1915: Radio-telephone carries speech across the Atlantic.
1915: Birth of a Nation sets new movie standards.
1915: The electric loudspeaker.
1916: David Sarnoff envisions radio as "a household utility."
1916: Cameras get optical rangefinders.
1916: Radios get tuners.
1917: Photocomposition begins.
1917: Frank Conrad builds a radio station, later KDKA.
1917: Condenser microphone aids broadcasting, recording.
1918: First regular airmail service: Washington, D.C. to New York.
1919: People can now dial telephone numbers themselves.
1919: Shortwave radio is invented.
1919: Flip-flop circuit invented; will help computers to count.
1920: The first broadcasting stations are opened.
1920: First cross-country airmail flight in the U.S.
1920: Sound recording is done electrically.
1920: Post Office accepts the postage meter.
1920: KDKA in Pittsburgh broadcasts first scheduled programs.
1921: Quartz crystals keep radio signals from wandering.
1921: The word "robot" enters the language.
1921: Western Union begins wirephoto service.
1922: A commercial is broadcast, $100 for ten minutes.
1922: Technicolor introduces two-color process for movies.
1922: Germany's UFA produces a film with an optical sound track.
1922: First 3-D movie, requires spectacles with one red and one green lens.
1922: Singers desert phonograph horn mouths for acoustic studios.
1922: Nanook of the North, the first documentary.
1923: Zworykin's electronic iconoscope camera tube and kinescope display tube.
1923: People on one ship can talk to people on another.
1923: Ribbon microphone becomes the studio standard.
1923: A picture, broken into dots, is sent by wire.
1923: 16 mm nonflammable film makes its debut.
1923: Kodak introduces home movie equipment.
1923: Neon advertising signs.
1924: Low tech achievement: notebooks get spiral bindings.
1924: The Eveready Hour is the first sponsored radio program.
1924: At KDKA, Conrad sets up a short-wave radio transmitter.
1924: Daily coast-to-coast air mail service.
1924: Pictures are transmitted over telephone lines.
1924: Two and a half million radio sets in the U.S.
1925: The Leica 35 mm camera sets a new standard.
1925: Commercial picture facsimile radio service across the U.S.
1925: All-electric phonograph is built.
1925: A moving image, the blades of a model windmill, is telecast.
1925: From France, a wide-screen film.
1926: Commercial picture facsimile radio service across the Atlantic.
1926: Baird demonstrates an electro-mechanical TV system.
1926: Some radios get automatic volume control, a mixed blessing.
1926: The Book-of-the-Month Club.
1926: In U.S., first 16mm movie is shot.
1926: Goddard launches liquid-fuel rocket.
1926: Permanent radio network, NBC, is formed.
1926: Bell Telephone Labs transmit film by television.
1927: NBC begins two radio networks; CBS formed.
1927: Farnsworth assembles a complete electronic TV system.
1927: Jolson's "The Jazz Singer" is the first popular "talkie."
1927: Movietone offers newsreels in sound.
1927: U.S. Radio Act declares public ownership of the airwaves.
1927: Technicolor.
1927: Negative feedback makes hi-fi possible.
1928: First ON-AIR for RADIO ROMANIA. The First President was the famous physicist DRAGOMIR HURMUZESCU
1928: Baird demonstrates color TV on electro-mechanical system.
1928: The teletype machine makes its debut.
1928: Television sets are put in three homes, programming begins.
1928: Baird invents a video disc to record television.
1928: In an experiment, television crosses the Atlantic.
1928: In Schenectady, N.Y., the first scheduled television broadcasts.
1928: Steamboat Willie introduces Mickey Mouse.
1928: A motion picture is shown in color.
1928: Times Square gets moving headlines in electric lights.
1928: IBM adopts the 80-column punched card.
1929: Experiments begin on electronic color television.
1929: Telegraph ticker sends 500 characters per minute.
1929: Ship passengers can phone relatives ashore.
1929: Brokers watch stock prices on an automated electric board.
1929: Something else new: the car radio.
1929: In Germany, magnetic sound recording on plastic tape.
1929: Television studio is built in London.
1929: Air mail flown from Miami to South America.
1929: Bell Lab transmits stills in color by mechanical scanning.
1929: Zworykin demonstrates cathode-ray tube "kinescope" receiver, 60 scan lines.
1930: Photo flashbulbs replace dangerous flash powder.
1930: "Golden Age" of radio begins in U.S.
1930: Lowell Thomas begins first regular network newscast.
1930: TVs based on British mechanical system roll off factory line.
1930: Bush's differential analyzer introduces the computer.
1930: AT&T tries the picture telephone.
1931: Commercial teletype service.
1931: Electronic TV broadcasts in Los Angeles and Moscow.
1931: Exposures meters go on sale to photographers.
1931: NBC experimentally doubles transmission to 120-line screen.
1932: Disney adopts a three-color Technicolor process for cartoons.
1932: Kodak introduces 8 mm film for home movies.
1932: The "Times" of London uses its new Times Roman typeface.
1932: Stereophonic sound in a motion picture, "Napoleon."
1932: Zoom lens is invented, but a practical model is 21 years off.
1932: The light meter.
1932: NBC and CBS allow prices to be mentioned in commercials.
1933: Armstrong invents FM, but its real future is 20 years off.
1933: Multiple-flash sports photography.
1933: Singing telegrams.
1933: Phonograph records go stereo.
1934: Drive-in movie theater opens in New Jersey.
1934: Associated Press starts wirephoto service.
1934: In Germany, a mobile television truck roams the streets.
1934: In Scotland, teletypesetting sets type by phone line.
1934: Three-color Technicolor used in live action film.
1934: Communications Act of 1934 creates FCC.
1934: Half of the homes in the U.S. have radios.
1934: Mutual Radio Network begins operations.
1935: German single lens reflex roll film camera synchronized for flash bulbs.
1935: Also in Germany, audio tape recorders go on sale.
1935: IBM's electric typewriter comes off the assembly line.
1935: The Penguin paperback book sells for the price of 10 cigarettes.
1935: All-electronic VHF television comes out of the lab.
1935: Eastman-Kodak develops Kodachrome color film.
1935: Nielsen's Audimeter tracks radio audiences.
1935 Laurens Hammond done his Orgel
1936: Berlin Olympics are televised closed circuit.
1936: Bell Labs invents a voice recognition machine.
1936: Kodachrome film sharpens color photography.
1936: Co-axial cable connects New York to Philadelphia.
1936: Alan Turing's "On Computable Numbers" describes a general purpose computer.
1937: Stibitz of Bell Labs invents the electrical digital calculator.
1937: Pulse Code Modulation points the way to digital transmission.
1937: NBC sends mobile TV truck onto New York streets.
1937: A recording, the Hindenburg crash, is broadcast coast to coast.
1937: Carlson invents the photocopier.
1937:Snow White is the first feature-length cartoon.
1938: Strobe lighting.
1938: Baird demonstrates live TV in color.
1938: Broadcasts can be taped and edited.
1938: Two brothers named Biro invent the ballpoint pen in Argentina.
1938: CBS "World News Roundup" ushers in modern newscasting.
1938: DuMont markets electronic television receiver for the home.
1938: Radio drama, War of the Worlds," causes national panic.
1939: Mechanical scanning system abandoned.
1939: New York World's Fair shows television to public.
1939: Regular TV broadcasts begin.
1939: Air mail service across the Atlantic.
1939: Many firsts: sports coverage, variety show, feature film, etc.
1940: Fantasia introduces stereo sound to American public.
1941: Stereo is installed in a Moscow movie theater.
1941: FCC sets U.S. TV standards.
1941: CBS and NBC start commercial transmission; WW II intervenes.
1941: Goldmark at CBS experiments with electronic color TV.
1941: Microwave transmission.
1941: Zuse's Z3 is the first computer controlled by software.
1942: Atanasoff, Berry build the first electronic digital computer.
1942: Kodacolor process produces the color print.
1943: Repeaters on phone lines quiet long distance call noise.
1944: Harvard's Mark I, first digital computer, put in service.
1944: IBM offers a typewriter with proportional spacing.
1944: NBC presents first U.S. network newscast, a curiosity.
part2
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